1、Lorentz对称破坏的新限制
过去一年,寻找可能的Lorentz破坏是我研究的重点之一,Fermi GLAST观测伽玛暴的高能光子的可能延迟是最有可能发现Lorentz破坏的实验之一。曾经有人觉得Fermi可能看到了这种效应,看来是过分乐观了一点。最近有篇文章
Special relativity passes key test
指出Fermi的结果排除了在色散关系的线性层次上破坏Lorentz对称(能标已经超过Planck能标)。
摘要
The Fermi team used two relatively independent data analyses to conclude that Lorentz invariance had not been violated. One was the detection of a high-energy photon less than a second after the start of the burst, and the second was the existence of characteristic sharp peaks within the evolution of the burst rather than the smearing of its output that would be expected if there were a distribution in photon speeds. The researchers arrived at the same null result when studying the radiation from a gamma-ray burst detected in September last year, but could only reach about one-tenth of the Planck energy. Crucially, the shorter duration and much finer time structure of the more recent gamma-ray burst takes this null result to at least 1.2 times the Planck energy.
2、有多少宇宙?
Andrei Linde是永恒暴涨的发明人,他当然相信在我们的宇宙之外,还存在很多其他宇宙,这些宇宙的存在是解释目前我们的宇宙为什么这么大,暗能量为什么小的理由。当然,作为一直以来倾向相信暗能量其实是全息暗能量的我来说Linde等人的多元宇宙完全是多余的垃圾-当然是超级庞大的垃圾场。
Linde最近推出一篇计算宇宙数目的文章
How many universes are in the multiverse?
文章摘要
We argue that the total number of distinguishable locally Friedmann “universes” generated by eternal inflation is proportional to the exponent of the entropy of inflationary perturbations and is limited by $e^{e^{3 N}}$, where $N$ is the number of e-folds of slow-roll post-eternal inflation. For simplest models of chaotic inflation, $N$ is approximately equal to de Sitter entropy at the end of eternal inflation; it can be exponentially large. However, not all of these universes can be observed by a local observer. We show that in the presence of a cosmological constant $Lambda$ an observable entropy of the cosmological perturbations, as well as the entropy of usual matter, is bounded by $|Lambda|^{-3/4}$. In the context of the string theory landscape, the overall number of different universes is expected to be exponentially greater than the total number of vacua in the landscape. We discuss the possibility that the strongest constraint on the number of distinguishable universes may be related not to the properties of the multiverse but to the properties of observers.这里还有一篇介绍Linde等人工作的博文
the tricky business of universe counting
里面有一幅比较艺术的Linde的照片。这幅照片很像《美丽心灵》里的Nash的一幅剧照,我希望Linde同学的头脑还是清醒的。
也许我们需要等上20年才能看到多元泡泡的破灭。我希望这一天早日到来,当然,我最希望的还是实验验证暗能量其实就是Casimir能量,一种原则上可计算的能量。
说到在天上探测暗能量,最近有消息说JDEM计划又遭挫折,我是从Sean Carroll的博客上看到的,How to Go After Dark Energy?
挫折就挫折吧,我愿意花上20年甚至30年的时间等。如果是30年,那一天我还没有庆祝自己的80岁生日,等一等有什么啊。
在我们做到用宇宙学观测决定暗能量的性质之前,我自己愿意推动实验室模拟宇宙学的实验,特别是利用超颖材料来做。最近陈焕阳先生表示愿意尝试。我呼吁更多的实验家们关注这一可能。
3、海子去世20周年祭
向喜欢海子的同学推荐困困花了两个多月采访时间写出来的巨文。有十万多字。
困困,谢谢你为我们贫乏的阅读增加了这么好的材料。
困困在《猛烈转型—–海子一文导读》中说
关于海子的这篇文字,花掉了2个多月的采访时间,跟差不多20个人聊过,跑了好多地方,采访录音整理出来,竟然有10万多字。这是我第一次采访这么多人,处理如此繁杂的信息,妄图掌控这样深重的题材,转型过猛,过程挺挣扎痛苦的,结果呢。。我自己觉得蛮有收获,至于文字本身倒不那么重要了。这事儿有点像我情窦初开之前,有很多幻想和憧憬,可非要亲身体验了,才了解其中奥妙。你要非问我,嘿,你有啥感想?我会发好半天呆,告诉你,那感觉就是“有点微红的日子”,痛苦与欢乐并存,之后,一切过去了,我还象以前一样,没有死掉,可有种绵延和深刻的东西变了,只为我所有,没法言说。
除此之外,我领教了一点技术教训,就是如何让不耐烦的人能快速进入阅读。。。因此在这里我讲点段子,算个导读吧。
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